Technology History and Achievements October 2005 Start of Our Journey January 2006 External Funding: $1.5MSponsors: E-ON US (LG&E-KU) November 2006 0.1 MWth PCCC and Coal Boiler Constructed February 2008 The relationship between kinetic and energy consumption is defined June 2008 External Funding: $4.0MSponsors: CMRG (LGE-KU, EPRI, Duke, AEP, EKPC, DEDI) October 2009 Fast Kinetic energy is realized as first priority to cost of CCS January 2010 External Funding: $8.1MSponsors: CMRG, Big River, APRA-e, US-China CERC January 2010 External Funding: $3.2MSponsors: CMRG, State of Wyoming, ICCI, DOE February 2010 The Importance of high C/N is realized January 2011 Novel heat-integration is proposed and verified on bench-scale January 2012 External Funding: $17.9MSponsors: CMRG, DOE January 2012 Spin-off Company: PowerTech Water February 2012 Stable and fast kinetic (10^5) Catalyst isolated December 2012 3" Bench-scale Constructed January 2013 External Funding: $4.6MSponsors: CMRG, DOE, WY January 2014 External Funding: $3.8MSponsors: CMRG, DOE February 2014 Limitation of carbon dioxide driving force is major hurdle after advanced solvent identified March 2014 Pre-concentrating membrane benefit is recognized on bench-scale study January 2015 External Funding: $2.6MSponsors: CMRG, DOE January 2015 0.7MWe PCCC Facility Constructed January 2016 External Funding: $3.0MSponsors: CMRG, DOE, CERC January 2016 Simulated Dilute Carbon Dioxide Source Tested February 2016 Pre-Feed Study on 10M We PCCC Completed January 2017 External Funding: $4.1MSponsors: CMRG, DOE, Tsinghua December 2017 Forward-feed Control Developed on 0.7MWe PCCC Unit January 2018 External Funding: $9.3MSponsors: CMRG, DOE, SRI, RITE January 2018 Process Intensification - Open Tower, Rich Split, and Temperature-controlled Absorber, In-situ Heat Transfer Packing and dynamic Packing developed April 2018 NG Boiler Installed November 2018 Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid Developed January 2019 External Funding: $7.6MSponsors: DOE, EPRI, LG&E-KU, NREL October 2019 Electrochemical DAC and H2 Technique Developed January 2020 External Funding: $4.9MSponsor: DOE August 2020 Integrated Capture and Biofixation Developed November 2020 Blue H2 from Coal-Biomass Plastic January 2021 External Funding: $10.5MSponsors: DOE, EPRI, LG&E-KU, GTI, WVR February 2021 10MWe PCCC FEED Complete August 2021 Development and Characterization of Densified Biomass-plastic Blend for Entrained Flow Gasification External Funding: $625,559 | Sponsor: DOE October 2021 Electrochemically Regenerated Solvent for Direct Air Capture with Cogeneration of Hydrogen at Bench-scaleExternal Funding: $1,642,971 | Sponsor: DOE March 2022 Dual-loop Solution-based CCS for Net Negative CO2 Emissions with Lower Costs External Funding: $3,071,863 | Sponsor: DOE April 2022 Application of Transformational UKy 3 Tonne/day CO2 Capture System at A Steel Process Plant External Funding: $6,250,488 | Sponsor: DOE December 2022 CO2 Capture at LG&E Cane Run NGCC Power Plant External Funding: $1,112,486 | Sponsors: DOE, EPRI February 2023 Enhancement of Carbon Capture Reactor Performance External Funding: $1,250,346 | Sponsor: DOE August 2023 Negative-Emissions Enabled Direct Air Capture with Coupled Electro-Production of Hydrogen at a 5 kg-per-hour ScaleExternal Funding: $3,749,462 | Sponsor: DOE December 2023 Cost-effective Nickel-Cobalt Based Electrode for Hydrogen Production Using Recovered Metals from Spend Lithium-Ion BatteriesExternal Funding: $99,500 | Sponsor: PPL December 2023 Data Driven Thermal Runaway Risk PreventionExternal Funding: $49,000 | Sponsor: PPL December 2023 Development of Membrane-sorbent Based Technology to Mitigate Volatile Compounds from Amine Degradation External Funding: $99,500 | Sponsor: PPL March 2024 The DAC Hub for Appalachian Prosperity External Funding: $3,750,000 | Sponsor: DOE